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4GL 数据挖掘论坛
|
Fourth generation language. Although easier to use than older (3GL) languages like COBOL, these are still aimed primarily at IT professionals. Several OLAP products include server 4GLs for complex application processing. 数据挖掘论坛
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ActiveX 数据挖掘工具
|
Microsoft technology for deploying Windows programs over the Web. Security considerations often limit its use to intranets. Used in a number of OLAP Web products, but fading in popularity.
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Ad hoc analyses 数据挖掘研究院
|
End-users being able to generate new or modified queries with significant flexibility over content, layout and calculations. Should allow simple new ratios, variances and groupings to be defined in a point-and-click fashion, and for data to be filtered or ranked. End-users should not have to pre-define such requirements. 数据挖掘研究院
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Agent 数据挖掘论坛
|
A program to perform standard functions autonomously. Typical uses are for automated data loading and exception reporting. Not to be confused with data mining. 数据挖掘工具
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Aggregate tables 数据挖掘研究院
|
Tables (usually held in a relational database) which hold pre-computed totals in a hierarchical multidimensional structure. Most tools allow “sparse aggregates”, which means that only a subset of the aggregate tables need be created, with other aggregates being generated on-the-fly from them as needed. 数据挖掘论坛
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AIX 数据挖掘交友
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IBM’s version of Unix. 数据挖掘实验室
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API 数据挖掘工具
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Application Programming Interface. A standard that allows programs from multiple vendors to be integrated. In OLAP terms, most OLAP server vendors have their own APIs, and the OLAP Council had been working on a cross-product API ever since it was formed in early 1995, but with little success. However, the later Microsoft OLE DB for OLAP API is already the most widely adopted by both OLAP client and server vendors, and has become the de facto standard.
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APL 数据挖掘工具
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A Programming Language. The first multidimensional computer language, and the title of a book by Ken Iverson, published in 1962. APL is still in limited use, particularly in older forecasting and planning applications, but is rarely used for new systems. 数据挖掘研究院
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Applets 数据挖掘实验室
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Small programs that run in Web browsers; usually written in Java. Typically used to enhance the human factors available in HTML. 数据挖掘工具
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ASF
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Analytical Solutions Forum, the business intelligence trade body that, in October 1999, replaced the ineffective OLAP Council which had been in existence since early 1995. The ASF managed the remarkably achievement of being much less effective than the failed OLAP Council and eventually disappeared, its solitary achievement having been the issuing of a solitary press release announcing its formation. 数据挖掘研究院
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b2b
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Business to business, conducted over the Internet 数据挖掘交友
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b2c 数据挖掘工具
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Business to consumers, conducted over the Internet. A well known British venture capitalist, Michael Jackson, was quoted (well before the dotbomb collapse) as saying that b2c is the fastest way of transferring money from venture capitalists to advertising agencies and the media. 数据挖掘交友
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Billion 数据挖掘论坛
|
Thousand million (109), rather than the original European meaning of million million (1012). 数据挖掘研究院
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BPM
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Business Performance Management; also known as CPM and EPM. The combination of planning, budgeting, financial consolidation, reporting, strategy planning and scorecarding tools. Most vendors using the term do not offer the full set of components, so they adjust their version of the definition to suit their own product set. 数据挖掘交友
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BPR 数据挖掘实验室
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Business Process Re-engineering. A fundamental corporate reorganization based upon the processes that deliver value to customers. It typically involves re-orienting a business from a product or location viewpoint to a customer focus. 数据挖掘交友
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Bubble-up exceptions 数据挖掘论坛
|
Exception conditions displayed at a consolidated level, but based on tests performed at a more detailed level. Used to highlight potentially important variances at a detail level that cancel out and are therefore masked at a more consolidated level. Offered in a few OLAP reporting tools. 数据挖掘研究院
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Cell 数据挖掘交友
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Data point defined by one member of each dimension of a multidimensional structure. Most potential cells in multidimensional structures are empty, leading to ‘sparse’ storage.
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Client
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A single user computer which is connected via a network to, and works in conjunction with, one or more shared computers (called servers), with data storage and processing distributed between them in one of a number of ways. An OLAP client will not normally store data, but will do some processing and most of the presentation work, with the server handling data storage and the rest of the processing. A client may be single or multi-tasking. Can include both thin and thick clients. 数据挖掘实验室
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COP 数据挖掘工具
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Column-Oriented Processing. This is a class of database that is quite different to, but is nevertheless sometimes confused with, OLAP. COP databases perform high speed row counting and filtering at a very detailed level, using column-based structures, rather than rows, tables or cubes. COPs analyze detail and then occasionally aggregate the results, whereas OLAPs are largely used to report and analyze aggregated results with occasional drilling down to detail. 数据挖掘交友
Although less well known and recognized than OLAP, COP databases have also been in use for more than 30 years (for example, TAXIR), which means that, just like OLAP, they predate relational databases. COP products are used for very different applications to OLAP and examples include Alterian, Sand Nucleus, smartFOCUS, Sybase IQ, Synera, etc. 数据挖掘交友
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CPM
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Corporate Performance Management; see BPM. 数据挖掘交友
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Cube 数据挖掘工具
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A multidimensional structure that forms that basis for OLAP applications. Despite the name, most OLAP cubes have many more than three dimensions. in multidimensional OLAP (or MOLAP) databases, cubes are created and stored physically, whereas in relational OLAPs, cubes are a virtual concept based on a star or snowflake schema. A variety of corss-dimensional calculations and aggregations are possible within a cube, and the dimensions can usually be pivoted in reports.
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Database explosion 数据挖掘交友
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The huge increase in database size that can result from pre-calculating a large proportion of all the possible aggregations and other pre-defined calculations. Databases can grow a hundred-fold if highly dimensioned cubes are fully pre-calculated. Despite a widespread myth, database explosion has nothing whatever to do with MOLAP or ROLAP architectures, and is just as likely to occur with either. 数据挖掘交友
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Data mining 数据挖掘工具
|
The process of using statistical techniques to discover subtle relationships between data items, and the construction of predictive models based on them. The process is not the same as just using an OLAP tool to find exceptional items. Generally, data mining is a very different and more specialist application than OLAP, and uses different tools from different vendors. Normally the users are different, too. OLAP vendors have had little success with their data mining efforts. 数据挖掘实验室
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DBMS
|
DataBase Management System. Used to store, process and manage data in a systematic way. May use a variety of underlying storage methods, including relational, multidimensional, network and hierarchical. 数据挖掘研究院
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DDE 数据挖掘工具
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Direct Data Exchange. An older Microsoft Windows technology for automatically moving information between applications resident in memory via the clipboard. 数据挖掘实验室
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Defragment 数据挖掘工具
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Process of reorganizing files on disk to make segments contiguous and to recover wasted space between segments. Improves performance, saves disk space and may improve data security should a hardware failure occur. Required when disk files are frequently updated in place, particularly if portions are dynamically compressed. 数据挖掘实验室
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Dense 数据挖掘实验室
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The majority, or significant minority (at least ten percent), of potential data cells actually occupied in a multidimensional structure. 数据挖掘论坛
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Desktop OLAP 数据挖掘论坛
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Low priced, simple OLAP tools that perform local multidimensional analysis and presentation of data downloaded to client machines from relational or multidimensional databases. Web versions often move the desktop processing to an intermediate server, which increases the scalability but the functionality remains comparable to (or less than) the desktop version. 数据挖掘研究院
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DHTML 数据挖掘工具
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Dynamic HTML. A modern form of HTML, extended with JavaScript, that provides a degree of interactivity in ‘zero footprint’ solutions where no code need be installed on the client. Requires a modern browser. Gaining in popularity for Internet OLAP deployments, but often incurs serious performance penalties. 数据挖掘交友
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DLL 数据挖掘工具
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Dynamic Linked Library. Used to integrate multiple programs and provide the impression of a single product. Can also be used to hold function libraries. 数据挖掘研究院
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DOLAP 数据挖掘研究院
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Variously, Desktop OLAP or Database OLAP. The Desktop OLAP variant is more commonly used, though with the move to the Web, true DOLAP is now less common than in the 1990s. 数据挖掘研究院
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DSS
|
Decision Support System. Application for analyzing large quantities of data and performing a wide variety of calculations and projections. 数据挖掘研究院
Decision Support Services. The name used by Microsoft for the beta 3 version of what was subsequently renamed SQL Server OLAP Services and then SQL Server Analysis Services, and was originally code-named Plato.
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EIS 数据挖掘论坛
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Variously defined as Executive/Enterprise/Everyone’s Information/Intelligence System/Service/Software. A category of applications and technologies for presenting and analyzing corporate and external data for management purposes. Extreme ease of use and fast performance is expected in such systems, but analytical functionality is usually very limited. 数据挖掘论坛
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EPM 数据挖掘交友
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Enterprise Performance Management; see BPM.
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ERP 数据挖掘实验室
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Enterprise Resource Planning. The modern name for expensive, integrated ledger systems. Despite the name, these systems are rarely good for planning applications.
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ETL 数据挖掘交友
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Extraction, Transformation and Loading. Activities required to populate data warehouses and OLAP applications with clean, consistent, integrated and probably summarized data. 数据挖掘实验室
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Euro (€) 数据挖掘论坛
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The European common currency, adopted by 12 of the 15 members of the European Union, as part of European Monetary Union (EMU). The euro comes into common circulation from the beginning of 2002.
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FASMI 数据挖掘交友
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Fast Analysis of Shared Multidimensional Information. The summary description of OLAP applications used in The OLAP Report, and now very widely referenced elsewhere. 数据挖掘研究院
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Gigabyte (Gb) 数据挖掘工具
|
Strictly speaking, 1024 megabytes. In this report, it is normally used in the colloquial sense of 1000 megabytes or 1 billion bytes. 数据挖掘工具
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Groupware
|
Application for allowing a workgroup to share information, with updates by each user being made available to others, either by automated replication or concurrent sharing. 数据挖掘论坛
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GUI
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Graphical User Interface (such as Windows or the Macintosh). 数据挖掘交友
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HOLAP 数据挖掘论坛
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Hybrid OLAP. A product that can provide multidimensional analysis simultaneously of data stored in a multidimensional database and in an RDBMS. Becoming a popular architecture for server OLAP. 数据挖掘工具
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HP-UX 数据挖掘实验室
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Hewlett-Packard’s version of Unix, running on HP-9000 computers. 数据挖掘研究院
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HTML
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Hyper Text Mark-up Language. Used to define Web pages. 数据挖掘论坛
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Hypercube 数据挖掘研究院
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An OLAP product that stores all data in a single cube which has all the application dimensions applied to it. 数据挖掘工具
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IPO 数据挖掘研究院
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Initial Public Offering. The flotation of a private company on a stock exchange. Public OLAP companies are nearly always listed on NASDAQ, and typically raise about $30m in their IPO.
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IT
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Information Technology. Sometimes used as a synonym for the computer professionals in an organization. Also sometimes known as IS (Information Systems) or DP (Data Processing). 数据挖掘论坛
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Java
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A 32-bit language used for Web applications. Usually, Java ‘applets’ are dynamically downloaded if they are needed in a session, rather than being stored locally. Wildly popular in computer companies’ marketing departments, but not so widely used commercially so far. Client-side Java is now falling out of popularity in OLAP tools. 数据挖掘工具
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JOLAP 数据挖掘论坛
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The proposed new Java OLAP API, which will allow OLAP metadata and data to be created and queried. Sponsored by Hyperion/IBM and Oracle. JOLAP is still going through a long drawn-out specifications process, so no products support it yet.
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Kilobyte (Kb) 数据挖掘研究院
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Strictly speaking, 1024 bytes. In this report, it is normally used in the colloquial sense of 1000 bytes. 数据挖掘实验室
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LAN 数据挖掘工具
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Local Area Network. High speed connection between desktop PCs and server machines, including file servers, application servers, print servers and other services. 数据挖掘研究院
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Linux
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Unix-like, open source operating system. Few OLAP products run on it, and sales have been minimal on that platform. 数据挖掘研究院
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Maintenance
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Fee charged by software suppliers to cover bug fixes, enhancements and (usually) helpline services. Typically charged at around 20 percent of the license fees, though some vendors offer tiered levels of service at different rates.
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MDAPI
|
The OLAP Council’s stillborn multidimensional API, which reached version 2.0. The earlier, abortive version was called the MD-API (with a hyphen). No vendors supported even the 2.0 version (which was released in January 1998), and this ‘standard’ has now been abandoned. 数据挖掘论坛
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MDB 数据挖掘工具
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Multidimensional Database A product that can store and process multidimensional data.
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MDX 数据挖掘实验室
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Multidimensional expression language, the multidimensional equivalent of SQL. The language used to define multidimensional data selections and calculations in Microsoft’s OLE DB for OLAP API (Tensor). It is also used as the calculation definition language in Microsoft’s OLAP Services.
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Megabyte (Mb) 数据挖掘论坛
|
Strictly speaking, 1024 kilobytes. In this report, it is normally used in the colloquial sense of 1000 kilobytes or 1 million bytes. 数据挖掘实验室
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Metadata 数据挖掘论坛
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Data about data. How the structures and calculation rules are stored, plus, possibly, additional information on data sources, definitions, quality, transformations, date of last update, user access privileges, etc.
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Minicube 数据挖掘工具
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A subset of a hypercube, with fewer dimensions than the encompassing hypercube. The hypercube will consist of a collection of logically similar minicubes. 数据挖掘工具
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Model 数据挖掘实验室
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A multidimensional structure including calculation rules and data. 数据挖掘研究院
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MOLAP 数据挖掘研究院
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Multidimensional [database] OLAP. We prefer to avoid the use of this term, because all OLAPs, are, by definition, multidimensional, and therefore prefer the more explicit MDB.
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MPP 数据挖掘研究院
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Massively Parallel Processing. A computer hardware architecture designed to obtain high performance through the use of large numbers (tens, hundreds or thousands) of individually simple, low powered processors, each with its own memory. Normally runs Unix and must have more than one Unix kernel or more than one ‘ready to run’ queue.
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Multicube 数据挖掘交友
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An OLAP product that can store data in the form of a number of multidimensional structures which together form an OLAP database. May use relational or multidimensional file storage. 数据挖掘交友
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Multidimensional 数据挖掘研究院
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Data structure with three or more independent dimensions.
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NC 数据挖掘研究院
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Network Computer. A Web terminal with no local storage of programs or data. Includes a Web browser with Java capabilities. Not very relevant in the OLAP context. 数据挖掘研究院
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Non-procedural
|
A programming approach whereby the user specifies what has to be done, but not the sequence of actions. In some cases, the system will also determine when to perform the operation. This approach is simpler to specify, but less predictable (and sometimes less efficient) than the alternative procedural approach.
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ODAPI
|
Open Database API. A Borland standard for database connectivity.
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ODBC 数据挖掘实验室
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Open Database Connectivity. A widely adopted Microsoft standard for database connectivity. 数据挖掘实验室
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OEM
|
Original Equipment Manufacturer. A company that sells products (including software) under its own label that include technology licensed from another vendor. The original product name may or may not be retained. 数据挖掘论坛
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OLAP 数据挖掘工具
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On-Line Analytical Processing. A category of applications and technologies for collecting, managing, processing and presenting multidimensional data for analysis and management purposes.
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OLAP Council 数据挖掘交友
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Ineffective former industry trade body which promoted OLAP and maintained the only standard OLAP benchmark; however, many major OLAP vendors were never members or left well before its demise. It evolved into the even more ineffective Analytical Solutions Forum which did nothing and died almost immediately. The defunct OLAP Council created a useful glossary of technical terms which is sadly no longer online. 数据挖掘论坛
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OLAP product 数据挖掘实验室
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A product capable of providing fast analysis of shared multidimensional information. Ad hoc analysis must be possible either within the product itself or in a closely linked product.
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OLE
|
Object Linking and Embedding. A Microsoft Windows technology for presenting applications as objects within other applications and hence to extend the apparent functionality of the host (or client) application. Now on version 2.0. 数据挖掘论坛
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OLE DB for OLAP
|
Microsoft’s OLAP API, effectively the first industry standard for OLAP connectivity. Used to link OLAP clients and servers using a multidimensional language, MDX. 数据挖掘交友
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OLTP 数据挖掘实验室
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On-Line Transaction Processing. Operational systems for collecting and managing the base data in an organization, such as sales order processing, inventory, accounts payable, etc. Usually offer little or no analytical capabilities. 数据挖掘交友
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OO 数据挖掘研究院
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Object-Oriented. A method of application development which allows the re-use of program components in other contexts. 数据挖掘工具
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PDA 数据挖掘论坛
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Personal Digital Assistant, such as a Palm, PocketPC or Psion handheld computer. Can be linked to mobile phones or the Internet for sending and receiving e-mails or faxes or even browsing the Web. Much hyped, but little used, for OLAP purposes. 数据挖掘论坛
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Platform 数据挖掘工具
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A combination of hardware and system software. Some OLAP vendors also refer to their products as ‘application platforms’, meaning that they can be used to build custom or standard applications. 数据挖掘实验室
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Plug-in 数据挖掘工具
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Locally stored helper programs that are used to augment browser capabilities. Require different versions for different platforms, and possibly for different browsers, but currently capable of delivering better human factors and more functionality than Java applets. Occasionally used in OLAP Web products. 数据挖掘研究院
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Procedural 数据挖掘交友
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A programming approach whereby the developer specifies exactly what must be done and in what sequence. 数据挖掘论坛
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Q&R 数据挖掘工具
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Query and Reporting tool. Normally used for list-oriented reporting from relational databases. 数据挖掘实验室
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RDBMS
|
Relational Database Management System. Used to store, process and manage data arranged in relational tables. Often used for transaction processing and data warehouses. 数据挖掘实验室
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ROLAP 数据挖掘交友
|
Relational OLAP. A product that provides multidimensional analysis of data, aggregates and metadata stored in an RDBMS. The multidimensional processing may be done within the RDBMS, a mid-tier server or the client. A ‘merchant’ ROLAP is one from an independent vendor which can work with any standard RDBMS. 数据挖掘研究院
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SDK 数据挖掘论坛
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Software Development Kit. A set of programs that allows software developers to create products to run on a particular platform or to work with an API. 数据挖掘研究院
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Server
|
A computer servicing a number of users. It will usually hold data and do processing on the data. An application server may not necessarily store data and a file server may not necessarily do any processing. 数据挖掘研究院
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Servlets 数据挖掘工具
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Java programs running on demand on servers.
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Shelfware 数据挖掘交友
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Surplus software licenses which are bought, but not deployed. Some products actually have more shelfware than deployed seats. 数据挖掘实验室
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Simultaneous equation
|
A set of calculations with circular interdependencies. Few OLAP products can resolve these automatically.
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SKU 数据挖掘工具
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Stock Keeping Unit: a term used by retailers to identify the lowest level of product detail. Such level of detail is often not included in OLAP applications. 数据挖掘实验室
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SMP 数据挖掘交友
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Symmetrical Multi Processing. A computer hardware architecture which distributes the computing load over a small number of identical processors, which share memory. Very common in Unix and Windows NT/2000 systems. 数据挖掘交友
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Snowflake schema 数据挖掘工具
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A variant of the star schema with normalized dimension tables. 数据挖掘实验室
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Sparse
|
Only a small proportion (arbitrarily, less than 0.1 percent) of potential data cells actually occupied in a multidimensional structure. 数据挖掘论坛
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Sparse aggregates
|
To avoid database explosion, larger OLAP databases must be only partially pre-calculated. A key part of this is to create only a minority of the possible aggregates, with the others being generated on-the-fly from the nearest available aggregates. 数据挖掘交友
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SPL 数据挖掘工具
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Stored Procedure Language. Database server based programs that can be invoked from the client or scheduled are usually called stored procedures.
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SQL
|
Structured Query Language. The almost standard data structuring and access language used by relational databases. MDX is based loosely on SQL, though it requires a different skills set. 数据挖掘研究院
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Star schema 数据挖掘交友
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A relational database schema for representing multidimensional data. The data is stored in a central fact table, with one or more tables holding information on each dimension. Dimensions have levels, and all levels are usually shown as columns in each dimension table.
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Summary tables 数据挖掘论坛
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Often used in RDBMSs to store pre-aggregated information, rather than holding it in the same table as the base data. Used to improve responsiveness. Sometimes also called aggregate tables. 数据挖掘实验室
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SVR4 数据挖掘论坛
|
System V Release 4, a standard version of Unix used by a number of manufacturers as the basis for their own Unix variants.
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TCO 数据挖掘工具
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Total Cost of Ownership. Includes hardware, software, services and maintenance.
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Tensor 数据挖掘交友
|
The code-name for Microsoft’s OLAP API, a set of OLE COM objects and interfaces designed to add multidimensionality to OLE DB. It has become the de facto industry standard multidimensional API, being adopted both by most front-end OLAP tools vendors and by several other OLAP database vendors. The official name is OLE DB for OLAP, and the 1.0 specification was first published in February 1998. 数据挖掘研究院
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Terabyte (Tb) 数据挖掘工具
|
Strictly speaking, 1024 gigabytes. In this report, it is normally used in the colloquial sense of 1000 gigabytes or 1 trillion bytes. 数据挖掘论坛
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Thin client 数据挖掘研究院
|
A form of client/server architecture in which no data is stored and relatively little processing occurs on the client machine, which may in extreme cases be a Network Computer (NC). Other forms include the NetPC, which is a Windows machine with limited local storage and configurability. The thin client approach is a very popular concept, but its use should be viewed with caution for sophisticated analytical applications or power user access. Note that ‘thin clients’ often actually require significant processing power and RAM, as well as a high bandwidth network connection, and in the business context, are usually fairly high specification PCs with hard disk drives. See also zero-footprint. 数据挖掘交友
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TLA 数据挖掘研究院
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Three Letter Acronym, like this one. 数据挖掘实验室
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TP
|
Transaction Processing. The operational systems used to collect and manage the base data of an organization. See also ERP and OLTP. 数据挖掘实验室
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VAR
|
Value Added Reseller. A company that resells another vendor’s product together with software, applications or consulting services of its own, thus adding value. The original product’s name is usually still used. 数据挖掘研究院
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VC 数据挖掘研究院
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Venture Capitalist. Source of investment capital for small, growing companies. Usually have an interest in companies going public in order to realize their investment.
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VGA 数据挖掘研究院
|
Video Graphic Array. An IBM PC display standard with 640x480 pixels. Introduced with the original PS/2, it has largely been superseded by higher resolution screens, usually referred to as Super VGA and X[V]GA, typically with 800x600 or 1024x768 pixels. With larger monitors, sizes of 1280x1024 and 1600x1200 are becoming more common. Objects of fixed pixel size, designed for VGA screens, look very small and may be hard to read when displayed on higher resolution monitors. 数据挖掘实验室
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Virtual memory 数据挖掘实验室
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Apparently extended memory on a computer, consisting partly of real memory (RAM) and partly of disk space. A technique to handle programs and applications that are too large to fit into real memory. Can degrade performance if used too heavily. 数据挖掘研究院
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WAN 数据挖掘论坛
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Wide Area Network. Usually, two or more geographically dispersed LANs connected by lower speed links. Can cause problems with client/server applications that transmit large quantities of data between servers and clients. 数据挖掘实验室
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XML 数据挖掘论坛
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eXtensible Markup Language, the emerging standard for defining, representing and dynamically sharing information across the Internet. Already widely used in OLAP products. 数据挖掘工具
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XML for Analysis 数据挖掘论坛
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Microsoft’s new multi-platform version of OLE DB for OLAP that allows MDX queries to be handled using XML documents. Not yet in widespread use, but supported by Hyperion Essbase 7 and will be the native query API Microsoft for SQL Server 2005.
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Zero-footprint 数据挖掘研究院
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Web architecture not requiring any software to be installed locally. This usually means HTML or DHTML, but some vendors also make this claim for software that uses Java applets. 数据挖掘研究院
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