自然语言理解相关书籍资料推荐

Textbooks:

   Allen, James F., "Natural Language Understanding", The
   Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Menlo Park, California,
   (Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Reading, Massachusetts).

   Manning, C. and Schuetze, H. Foundations of Statistical Natural
   Language Processing. Hardcover - 680 pages (July 1999)
   MIT Press; ISBN: 0262133601
   http://www.sultry.arts.usyd.edu.au/fsnlp/promo/

   Jurafsky, D. and Martin, J. Speech and Language Processing.
   http://www.cs.colorado.edu/~martin/slp.html

   Gazdar, G. and Mellish, C., "Natural Language Processing in Lisp:
   An Introduction to Computational Linguistics", Addison-Wesley,
   Reading, Massachusetts, 1989. (There are three different editions
   of the book, one for Lisp, one for Prolog, and one for Pop-11.)

   Michael A. Covington, "Natural Language Processing for Prolog 数据挖掘研究院
   Programmers", Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1994. ISBN
   0-13-629213-5.

General:

   Rustin, Randall (ed.) "Natural Language Processing", Algorithmics Press,
   New York, NY, 1973.

   Schank, Roger C., and Colby, Kenneth M. (eds.) "Computer Models of Thought
   and Language", W.H. Freeman, San Francisco, CA, 1973, 454 pp.

   Charniak, Eugene and Wilks, Yorick A. (eds.) "Computational Semantics",
   North-Holland, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1976, 294 pp.

   Metzing, Dieter (ed.) "Frame Conceptions and Text Understanding",
   De Gruyter, Berlin, Germany, 1980, 167 pp.

   Tennant, Harry R., "Natural Language Processing", Petrocelli Books, New
   York, NY, 1981.

   Lehnert,  Wendy G., and Ringle, Martin H. (eds.) "Strategies for Natural

   Language Processing", Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ, 1982,

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   533 pp.

   King, Margaret (ed.) "Parsing Natural Language", Academic Press,
   London, England, 1983, 308 pp.

   Grosz, Barbara J., Sparck-Jones, Karen, and Webber, Bonnie L., eds.
   "Readings in Natural Language Processing", Morgan Kaufmann
   Publishers, Los Altos, CA, 1986, 664 pages. ISBN 0-934613-11-7, $44.95.

   Robert C. Berwick, "Computational Linguistics", MIT Press,
   Cambridge, MA, 1989, ISBN 0262-02266-4.

   Brady, Michael, and Berwick, Robert C., eds. "Computational Models
   of Discourse", MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1983.

   Ralph Grishman, "Computational Linguistics: An Introduction",
   Cambridge University Press, New York, 1986, 193 pages.

   Terry Winograd, "Language as a Cognitive Process", Addison-Wesley,
   Reading, MA, 1983.

   Schank, R. and Abelson, R.  "Scripts, Plans, Goals, and Understanding," 数据挖掘研究院
   Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, New Jersey, 1977.

Terminology:

   David Crystal, "A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics", 3rd Edition,
   Basil Blackwell Publishers, New York, 1991.

Parsing:

   Tomita, M. (Editor), "Current Issues in Parsing Technology",
   Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, MA, 1991.

   Marcus, M.  "A Theory of Syntactic Recognition for Natural Language,"
   The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1980.

   Pereira, F. and Sheiber, S.  "Prolog and Natural-Language Analysis,"
   Center for the Study of Language and Information, 1987.

Probabilistic Parsing:

   Ted Briscoe and John Carroll, "Generalised Probabilistic LR Parsing of
   Natural Language (Corpora) with Unification-based Grammars",
   University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory, Technical Report Number

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   224, 1991.

   Zhi Biao Wu, Loke Soo Hsu, and Chew Lim Tan, "A Survey of Statistical
   Approaches to Natural Language Processing", Technical report TRA4/92,
   Department of Information Systems and Computer Science, National
   University of Singapore, 1992

Natural Language Understanding:

   Dyer, M.  "In-Depth Understanding:  A Computer Model of Integrated
   Processing for Narrative Comprehension,"  MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1983.

   Aravind Joshi, Bonnie Webber and Ivan Sag, eds. "Elements of Discourse
   Understanding", Cambridge University Press, New York, 1981.

   Cohen, P. R., Morgan, J. and Pollack, M., editors, "Intentions in
   Communication", MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1990.

Natural Language Interfaces:

   Raymond C. Perrault and Barbara J. Grosz, "Natural Language

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   Interfaces", Annual Review of Computer Science, volume 1, J.F. Traub,
   editor, pages 435-452, Annual Reviews Inc., Palo Alto, CA, 1986.

Natural Language Generation:

   McKeown, Kathleen R. and Swartout, William R., "Language
   Generation and Explanation", in Zock, M. and Sabah, G.,
   editors, Advances in Natural Language Generation, Volume 1, Pages
   1-51, Ablex Publishing Company, Norwood, NJ, 1988. (Overview of
   the state of the art in natural language generation.)

   Mann, W. & S. Thompson. Rhetorical Structure Theory: a theory of
   text organization.

Speech:

   Ronnie W. Smith and D. Richard Hipp, "Spoken Natural Language
   Dialog Systems: A Practical Approach", Oxford University Press,
   ISBN #0-19-509187-6

   John Allen, Sharon Hunnicut and Dennis H. Klatt, "From Text to Speech:

数据挖掘研究院

   The MITalk System", Cambridge University Press, 1987. [Synthesis,
   precursor of DECtalk.]

   Frank Fallside and William A. Woods (editors), "Computer Speech Processing"
   Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1985.

   X. D. Huang, Y. Ariki and M. A. Jack, "Hidden Markov Models for Speech
   Recognition", Edinburgh University Press, 1990. [Analysis]

   A. Nejat Ince (editor), "Digital Speech Processing: Speech Coding,
   Synthesis, and Recognition", Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston,
   1992. [Analysis and Synthesis]

   Kai-Fu Lee, "Automatic Speech Recognition: The Development of the
   SPHINX System", Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, MA, 1989. [Analysis]

   Douglas O′Shaughnessy, "Speech Communication: Human and Machine"
   Addison-Wesley, MA, 1987. [Analysis and Synthesis]

   Lawrence R. Rabiner and Ronald W. Schafer, "Digital Processing of
   Speech Signals", Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1978.
   [Analysis and Synthesis]

   Lawrence R. Rabiner and Biing-Hwang Juang, "Fundamentals of Speech
   Recognition", Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1993.
   ISBN 0-13-015157-2. [Analysis]

   Ronald W. Schafer and John D. Markel (editors), "Speech Analysis",
   IEEE Press, New York, 1979. [Analysis]

   Alex Waibel and Kai-Fu Lee (editors), "Readings in Speech Recognition"
   Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Mateo, CA, 1990, 680 pages.
   ISBN 1-55860-124-4, $49.95. [Analysis]

   Alex Waibel, "Prosody and Speech Recognition", Morgan Kaufmann
   Publishers, San Mateo, CA, 1988. [Analysis]

Machine Translation:

   W. John Hutchins and Harold L. Somers, "An Introduction to Machine
   Translation", Academic Press, San Diego, 1992. 362 pages, ISBN
   0-123-62830-X.

   Bonnie J. Dorr, "Machine Translation: A View from the Lexicon" MIT
   Press, Cambridge, MA 1993. 432 pages, ISBN 0-262-04138-3.

   Kenneth Goodman and Sergei Nirenburg., editors, "The KBMT Project: A
   Case Study in Knowledge-Based Machine Translation", Morgan Kaufmann
   Publishers, San Mateo, CA, 1991. 331 pages, ISBN 1-558-60129-5, $34.95.

   Arnold, D.J.; Balkan, L.; Lee Humphreys, R.; Meijer, S.; and Sadler, L.
   (1994). Machine Translation: An Introductory Guide. NCC Blackwell.

   The journal "Machine Translation" is the principle forum for
   current research.

   A review of MT systems on the market appeared in BYTE 18(1), January 1993.

Reversible Grammars:

   Tomek Strzalkowski, editor, "Reversible Grammar in Natural Language 数据挖掘研究院
   Processing", Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993.

   Proceedings of the ACL Workshop on Reversible Grammar in Natural
   Language Processing, UC Berkeley, 1991. (See especially Remi
   Zajac′s paper.)

Statistical Processing:
   Eugene Charniak, "Statistical Language Learning", MIT Press, Cambridge,
   Massachusetts, 1993, 170 pages.

Categorial Grammar (CG):

   M. Moortgat, "Categorial Investigations. Logical and Linguistic
   Aspects of the Lambek Calculus", Groningen-Amsterdam Studies in
   Semantics:9, Foris, Dordrecht, Holland, 1988.

   Richard T. Oehrle, Emmon Bach and Deirdre Wheeler, "Categorial
   Grammars and Natural Language Structures", Studies in Linguistics
   and Philosophy:32, D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, 1988.

   Mary McGee Wood, "Categorial Grammars", Linguistic Theory Guides, 数据挖掘实验室
   Routledge, London, 1993.

Dependency Grammar:

   Igor′ Aleksandrovich Mel′cuk, "Dependency syntax : theory and
   practice", State University Press of New York, 1987.


Functional Grammar (aka Systemic Grammar):

   Michael A. K. Halliday, "An Introduction to Functional Grammar",
   Edward Arnold, London, 1985.

   Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar (GPSG):

   Gerald Gazdar, Ewan Klein, Geoffrey Pullum and Ivan Sag,
   "Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar", Oxford:Blackwell, 1985.

Government and Binding (GB):

   Noam Chomsky, Lectures on government and binding, Foris Publications
   1981.

   Vivian J. Cook, "Chomsky′s Universal Grammar: An Introduction", Basil
   Blackwell Publisher, New York, 1988, 201 pages.

   Victoria Fromkin and Robert Rodman, "An Introduction to Language", 数据挖掘研究院
   Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, New York, 4th edition, 1988, 474 pages.

   Liliane M.V. Haegeman, "Introduction to Government and Binding
   Theory", Basil Blackwell Publishers, Oxford, 1991, 618 pages.

   Geoffrey C. Horrocks, "Generative Grammar", Longman, London, 1987,
   339 pages.

   Andrew Radford, "Transformational Grammar: A First Course",
   Cambridge University Press, New York, 1988, 625 pages.

   Stabler, E.P. (1992). The Logical Approach to Syntax. Cambridge,
   Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1992.

Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG):

   Carl Pollard and Ivan Sag, "Information-based Syntax and Semantics",
   Stanford:CSLI, University of Chicago Press, 1987.
 
   Pollard, Carl and Ivan A. Sag. 1994. Head-Driven Phrase Structure
   Grammar.  Chicago: University of Chicago Press and Stanford: CSLI

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   Publications.

Lexical-Functional Grammar (LFG):

   Joan Bresnan (ed.), "The Mental Representation of Grammatical
   Relations", Cambridge:MA, MIT Press, 1982.

   Dalrymple, Kaplan, Maxwell & Zaenen, eds. (1995) `Formal Issues in
   Lexical-Functional Grammar′, CSLI Publications, Stanford CA
   (distributed by Cambridge University Press)


Tree Adjoining Grammar (TAG):

   A. Joshi, L. Levy and M. Takahasihi, "Tree Adjunct Grammars"
   In: Journal of Computer and System Sciences 10:136-63, 1975.

   A. Joshi, "An Introduction to Tree Adjoining Grammars"
   In: Alexis Manaster-Ramer (ed.), "The Mathematics of Language",
   Benjamins, Philadelphia, 1987.

Cognitive Grammar:

   Ronald W. Langacker, "Foundations of cognitive grammar" Stanford
   University Press, 1987. 数据挖掘研究院

Programming for NLP:

   Pereira, Fernando C.N. and Shieber, Stuart  "Prolog and Natural-Language
   Analysis," Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford, CA
   1987, 264 pp.

   Gazdar, Gerald and Mellish, Christopher S., "Natural Language Processing in
   Lisp: An Introduction to Computational Linguistics", Addison-Wesley,
   Reading, Massachusetts, 1989. (There are three different editions
   of the book, one for Lisp, one for Prolog, and one for Pop-11.)

   Michael A. Covington, "Natural Language Processing for Prolog
   Programmers", Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1994. ISBN
   0-13-629213-5.

   Peter Norvig. Paradigms of AI Programming

Bibliographies: 

   Gazdar, Gerald, Alex Franz, Karen Osborne, and Roger Evans (1987).
   "Natural Language Processing in the 1980s: A Bibliography",  Center for

数据挖掘研究院

   the Study of Language and Information (CSLI) lecture notes no. 12, CSLI,
   Stanford, CA, 240 pp.

Computational Morphology

   Richard Sproat, Morphology and Computation, MIT Press, Cambridge, 1992.

   Graeme D. Ritchie, Graham J. Russell, Allan W. Black, Stephen G. Pulman,
   Computational Morphology, MIT Press, Cambridge/London, 1992.

Miscellaneous:

   Austin, J.L. How to do things with words.

   Searle, J.   Speech acts.

   Levinson, S. Pragmatics.

   Ross, Don, and Dan Brink (eds.) (1994) "Research in Humanities Computing 3:
   Selected Papers from the ALLC/ACH Conference, Tempe, Arizona, March 1991,"
   Clarendon Press, Oxford, England.

   Gazdar, Gerald, Franz, Alex, Osborne, Karen, and Evans, Roger,
   "Natural Language Processing in the 1980s: A Bibliography", 数据挖掘研究院
   Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI) lecture notes
   no. 12, CSLI, Stanford, CA, 1987, 240 pp.

   _The Mulltilingual PC Directory_. By Ian Tresman. 254pp.
   Stamford CT: Knowledge Computing Ltd.

   Stefan Wermter, Hybrid connectionist natural language processing
   Chapman & Hall Inc, 1995.

   Connectionist approaches to natural language processing.
   Edited by Ronan G. Reilly and Noel E. Sharky.
   Earlsdale, 1992 ISBN 0-86377-179-3

   _Natural Language Processing_.  Ed. Fernando C.N. Pereira and
   Barbara J. Grosz. A Bradford Book. Cambridge, MA, and London:
   The MIT Press, 1994. Rptd from _Artificial Intelligence: An
   International Journal_, Volume 63, Numbers 1-2 (1993).

   _Research in Humanities Computing 1: Selected Papers
   from the ALLC/ACH Conference, Toronto, June 1989_. 数据挖掘研究院
   Ed. Ian Lancashire. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991.

   Peter D. Smith, _An Introduction to Text Processing_.
   Cambridge MA and London: The MIT Press, 1990.
   ISBN 0-262-19299-3.

   Computer processing of natural language
   Author Gilbert K Krulee
   published Prentice Hall
   ISBN 0-13-610299-3

   Sadock, J.   Toward a linguistic theory of speech acts.

   Vanderveken, D. & J. Searle. Meaning and speech acts. (2 vols.)